Cov ntsuas ntsuas kev ua haujlwm ntawmpolyacrylamideFeem ntau yog cov tshuaj molecular, hydrolysis degree, ionic degree, yog li txiav txim siab qhov zoo ntawm Pam kuj tseem raug txiav txim los ntawm cov ntsuas no!
01Molecular hnyav
Qhov hnyav molecular ntawm Pam yog heev thiab tau zoo heev txhim kho nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no.Pam, uas tau siv nyob rau xyoo 1970, muaj kev hnyav molecular ntawm lab. Txij li thaum 1980s, txoj kev sib dhos ntawm cov khoom hnyav ntawm feem ntau ua tau zoo tshaj 15 lab, thiab qee qhov tau txog 20 lab. "Txhua tus PAM molecules no yog polymerized los ntawm ntau tshaj ib puas txhiab acrylate Molecules (Acrylamide muaj ib puas txhiab Monomers muaj cov molecular hnyav ntawm 7.1 lab)."
Nyob rau hauv dav dav, Pam nrog lub siab molecular hnyav muaj kev ua haujlwm zoo dua, nrog rau Acrylamide thiab 7.1 lab rau PAM muaj 100,000 Monomers. Qhov hnyav molecular ntawm polyacrylamide thiab nws cov derivategide thiab nws cov hmoov ntau ntau dua li 10 lab), nruab nrab ntawm 1 lab), siab molecular hnyav (10 lab mus rau 15 lab), qhov hnyav loj (ntau dua 15 lab).
Qhov hnyav molecular ntawm macromolecular cov organic teeb meem, txawm tias nyob rau hauv tib cov khoom lag luam tsis zoo tag nrho, cov nominal molecular hnyav yog nws qhov nruab nrab.
02Degree ntawm hydrolysis thiab degree ntawm ion
Lub ionic degree ntawm Pam muaj qhov cuam tshuam zoo rau nws siv cov nyhuv yog nyob ntawm cov hom thiab qhov ntawm cov ntaub ntawv kho tau zoo nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej sib txawv. Yog tias lub zog ionic ntawm cov ntaub ntawv kho tau siab dua (muaj ntau cov khoom sib xyaw), cov khoom siv ionic ntawm cov neeg yuav tsum siab dua, nws yuav tsum qis dua. Nyob rau hauv dav dav, qib ntawm kev npau suav yog hu ua cov qib ntawm hydrolysis. Thiab ionic degree feem ntau yog hais txog cations.
Ionicity = n / (m + n) * 100%
Cov PAM ua rau hauv theem pib yog polymerized los ntawm monomer ntawm polyacrylamide, uas tsis muaj-ntawm pawg -coona. Ua ntej siv, Nahh yuav tsum tau ntxiv thiab ua kom sov rau hydrolyze ib feem ntawm -conh2 pab pawg to -COOLA. Txoj kab zauv yog raws li hauv qab no:
-Conh2 + Naoh → -cola + NH3 ↑
Ammonia roj tso tawm thaum hydrolysis. Kev sib faib ntawm kev lom zem pab pawg hauv Pam yog hu ua cov qib ntawm cov pakolysis ntawm Pam, uas yog qib ntawm anion. Kev siv cov PAM tsis yooj yim, thiab kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo (cua sov hydrolysis yuav ua rau cov molecular hnyav qis dua), tau tsis tshua muaj siv txij li xyoo 1980s.
Kev tsim khoom niaj hnub muaj ntau yam sib txawv ntawm cov khoom sib txawv, cov neeg siv khoom tuaj yeem xaiv ntau yam, tsis tas yuav muaj hydrolysis, tom qab kev sib nrauj tuaj yeem siv tau.Txawm li cas los xij, vim li cas ntawm tus cwj pwm, qee tus neeg tseem xa cov txheej txheem ntawm flocculants li hydrolysis. Nws yuav tsum tau sau tseg tias lub ntsiab lus ntawm hydrolysis yog qhov decomposition ntawm dej, uas yog tshuaj lom neeg. Cov hydrolysis ntawm Pam muaj ammonia roj tso tawm; Kev rhuav tshem tsuas yog kev ua lub cev, tsis muaj tshuaj lom neeg. Qhov ob yog sib txawv thiab tsis txhob tsis meej pem.
03Residual monomer cov ntsiab lus
Cov ntawv sau cov ntsiab lus ntawm PAM yog hais txog cov ntsiab lus ntawmAcrylamide MonomerNyob rau hauv Acrylamide Polymerization rau hauv polyacrylamide nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis tiav thiab thaum kawg residual hauv acrylamide cov khoom. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntsuas ntsuas ntsuas seb nws puas tsim nyog rau kev lag luam khoom noj. Polyacrylamide yog tsis muaj tshuaj lom, tab sis acrylamide muaj qee qhov toxicity. Hauv kev muaj kev muaj duab polyacrylamide, nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau kev tsis muaj kev sib tw ntawm cov pob txha uas tsis muaj acrylamide Monomer. Yog li ntawd, cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov seem uas muaj nyob hauvPam Cov Khoomyuav tsum muaj nruj me nyuam tswj. Tus nqi ntawm cov seem uas muaj cov neeg nyob hauv Pam siv hauv kev haus dej thiab kev lag luam khoom noj khoom haus tsis tso cai tshaj 0.05% thoob ntiaj teb. Tus nqi ntawm cov khoom lag luam txawv teb chaws yog qis dua 0.03%.
4viscosity
Pam kev daws teeb meem yog cov vosous heev. Qhov siab dua cov molecular qhov hnyav ntawm PAM, qhov ntau dua cov viscosity ntawm kev daws. Qhov no yog vim tias Pam macromolecules yog ntev, nyias saw hlau uas tau zoo ua kom txav mus los ntawm kev daws teeb meem. Lub ntsiab lus ntawm viscosity yog kom muaj kev cuam tshuam qhov loj ntawm kev sib txhuam ntawm cov tshuaj, tseem hu ua kev sib txhuam sab hauv coefficient. Lub viscosity ntawm kev daws ntawm txhua hom ntawm cov polymer cov organic muaj teeb meem yog siab thiab nce nrog qhov nce ntawm molecular hnyav. Ib txoj hauv kev los txiav txim siab cov molecular hnyav ntawm polymer organic teeb meem, thiab tom qab ntawd raws li cov kev daws teeb meem molecular, lub npe hu ua "Viscose nruab nrab molecular hnyav".
Lub Sijhawm Post: Jan-12-2023